Pilgrim Traveller

Zephaniah paints a bleak picture of the coming Day of the Lord and what it will mean for the whole world…with no exceptions.

Read: Zephaniah 1: 2-6

Zephaniah is possible the bleakest of all the minor prophets. His message begins with what sounds like a reversal of the Creation story and a repeat of the Genesis Flood, with God destroying everything he has created. Zephaniah speaks about the Day of the Lord, a theme picked up by several of the minor prophets. The Jews had assumed that the Day of the Lord would be a time when God protected them and raised them up as his favourites over the other nations of the world, but Zephaniah makes it clear that if the people of Judah are no different to the other nations, they will be treated in the same way.

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Zephaniah was a distant relative of King Hezekiah, and therefore of King Josiah, during who’s reign (from 640 to 609 BC) he prophesied. As such, he was strategically placed to have a listening ear in the court of the king.

There is discussion about when exactly in Josiah’s reign he prophesied, early or late, by looking at various clues in Zephaniah’s message. This matters, because the state of Judah, the southern kingdom at the time reveals something of the way the message was received. Let’s look at the later history of the kingdom of Judah.

King Hezekiah responded positively to the prophecies of Joel and Isaiah and reformed the social and religious life of Judah. As a result, the kingdom was rescued by God from the invasion of the Assyrian army in 701 BC.

Unfortunately, when Hezekiah died 15 years later, he was succeeded by his son Manasseh, who was possibly the most evil king to ever sit on the throne of the southern kingdom. He introduced the worship of several pagan gods, most notably Baal, Asherah and Molech, and embraced black magic and child sacrifice. He conducted a purge of anyone who spoke out against him, including the prophet Isaiah according to a much later apocryphal text, a collection of traditional stories about Isaiah called the Ascension of Isaiah.

On Manasseh’s death his son Amon continued the bad work until he was assassinated 2 years into his reign and succeeded by his son Josiah, who was 8 years old. When he was 16, he turned to God in a big way He personally read the Law of Moses publicly in the Temple courtyard and urged the people to turn back to God and keep their agreement with him.

This is the point at which we need to return to the question of whether Zephaniah prophesied early or late in Josiah’s reign.

If he prophesied early, then it’s likely that his words were instrumental in Josiah’s turning to God and the subsequent return of the people to the faithful worship of Yahweh.

If he prophesied later in Josiah’s reign it’s likely that he’s pointing out that the apparent changes in behaviour of the people were really only superficial, and that under the surface the worship of other gods and the evil behaviour of the people, especially the rich, continued unabated.

Either way, at the end of his reign Josiah unwisely joined an invasion of Egypt and was killed with many of his soldiers in battle. As a result, a very weakened Judah was soon overrun by Babylon, the super-power of its day, in 586 BC. It seems that Josiah’s attempts at reforms had come too late to save the people of Judah from their rebellion against God. And yet, defeat and exile turned out to be the route to forgiveness and restoration.

Zephaniah is a warning to those who think that following Jesus is just about a tick list of things to believe in order to be “in”. It seems that God is less concerned about our creeds and professions of orthodoxy, or our loud and showy worship. He’s more concerned with what’s going on beneath the surface of our lives. Are we allowing God’s spirit to change us and make us more like Jesus?

If not, God loves us too much to let us get away with hypocritical and superficial faith. Sometimes hard things we go through are expressions of God’s love that refuses to give up on us!